Kuthe cwaka phakathi kwentsasa yaphakathi evekini kwiziko lokubeka iliso leCCTV yeBhunga laseSouthwark, eLondon, xa ndindwendwela.
Uninzi lwabahloli babonisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo - abantu abahamba ngeebhayisekile epakini, belinde iibhasi, abangena bephuma ezivenkileni.
Umphathi apha nguSarah Pope, kwaye akukho mathandabuzo ukuba unebhongo kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe.Eyona nto imnika ulwaneliseko lokwenyani “kukubona kuqala umrhanelwa… nto leyo enokukhokelela kuphando lwamapolisa kwicala elifanelekileyo,” utshilo.
I-Southwark ibonisa indlela iikhamera zeCCTV - ezihambelana ngokupheleleyo nekhowudi yokuziphatha yase-UK - zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukubamba izaphuli-mthetho kunye nokugcina abantu bekhuselekile.Nangona kunjalo, ezo nkqubo zokucupha zinabo abagxeki kwihlabathi liphela - abantu abakhalaza ngokuphulukana nobumfihlo kunye nokunyhashwa kwenkululeko yoluntu.
Ukwenziwa kweekhamera zeCCTV kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwaziwa kobuso lishishini elikhulayo, ukondla umdla obonakala unganelisi.E-UK kuphela, kukho ikhamera yeCCTV enye yabantu abali-11.
Onke amazwe anabemi abangama-250,000 ubuncinci asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lweenkqubo zokubeka iliso ze-AI ukujonga abemi bawo, utshilo uSteven Feldstein ovela kwitanki yokucinga yase-US.Carnegie.Kwaye yi-China elawula le marike - ibala i-45% yengeniso yecandelo yehlabathi.
Iifemu zamaTshayina ezifana ne-Hikvision, i-Megvii okanye i-Dahua isenokungabi ngamagama emizi, kodwa iimveliso zabo zinokufakelwa kwisitalato esikufutshane nawe.
"Abanye oorhulumente be-autocratic - umzekelo, iChina, iRashiya, iSaudi Arabia - baxhaphaza iteknoloji ye-AI ngeenjongo zokubeka iliso,"Umnumzana Feldstein ubhalela uCarnegie kwiphepha.
“Abanye oorhulumente abaneerekhodi zamalungelo oluntu aphantsi baxhaphaza uphononongo lwe-AI ngeendlela ezilinganiselweyo zokuqinisa ingcinezelo.Nangona kunjalo yonke imeko yezopolitiko ibeka umngcipheko wokuxhaphaza ngokungekho mthethweni itekhnoloji yokujonga i-AI ukuze ufumane iinjongo ezithile zopolitiko, ”
I-Ecuador iyalele inkqubo yokuhlola kwilizwe lonke evela eTshayina
Enye indawo enika umbono onomdla wokuba iTshayina iye yakhawuleza njani ukuba ligunya lokucupha yi-Ecuador.Ilizwe laseMzantsi Melika lathenga inkqubo yesizwe yokujonga ividiyo evela eTshayina, kuquka neekhamera ze-4,300.
“Kambe ke, ilizwe elinjenge-Ecuador belingayi kuba nayo imali yokuhlawula inkqubo enjengale,” utsho umcholacholi weendaba uMelissa Chan, owanikela ingxelo evela e-Ecuador, noyingcaphephe kwimpembelelo yaseTshayina kumazwe ngamazwe.Wayedla ngokuxela evela eTshayina, kodwa wagxothwa kweli lizwe kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo ngaphandle kwengcaciso.
“AmaTshayina eze nebhanki yaseTshayina elungele ukubaboleka imali.Oko kuyanceda ngokwenene ekuvuleni indlela.Indlela endiqonda ngayo ukuba i-Ecuador yayithembise ngeoli kwezo mali mboleko ukuba ayinakuyibuyisela.”Uthi umntu owayesebenza emkhosini kumzi wozakuzo waseTshayina eQuito wayebandakanyeka.
Enye indlela yokujonga lo mbandela ayikokugxila nje kubuchwephesha bokucupha, kodwa "ukuthunyelwa kwe-authoritarianism", utshilo, esongeza ukuba "abanye bangaxoxa ngelithi amaTshayina akanalucalucalulo oluncinci malunga noorhulumente abazimisele ukusebenza nabo".
Kwi-US, ayisiyiyo into ethunyelwa ngaphandle kakhulu exhalabisayo, kodwa indlela obu buchwepheshe busetyenziswa ngayo kumhlaba waseTshayina.Ngo-Okthobha, i-US yabhala uluhlu lwabamnyama iqela leefemu ze-AI zaseTshayina ngenxa yezityholo zokuxhaphaza amalungelo oluntu ngokuchasene namaSilamsi e-Uighur kwingingqi ye-Xinjiang kumantla-ntshona welizwe.
Umvelisi omkhulu weCCTV waseTshayina uHikvision wayeyenye yeefemu ezingama-28 ezongeziweyo kwisebe lezorhwebo laseMelika.Uluhlu lweziko, ithintela amandla ayo okwenza ishishini neenkampani zase-US.Ke, oku kuya kulichaphazela njani ishishini lefemu?
U-Hikvision uthi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka igcine ingcali yamalungelo oluntu kunye nonozakuzaku waseMelika uPierre-Richard Prosper ukuba ayicebise ngokuthotyelwa kwamalungelo oluntu.
Iifemu zongeza ukuba "ukohlwaya i-Hikvision, ngaphandle kolu thethathethwano, kuya kuthintela iinkampani zehlabathi ekunxibelelaneni norhulumente wase-US, kwenzakalise amahlakani e-Hikvision ase-US, kwaye kube nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho lwase-US".
U-Olivia Zhang, umnxibelelanisi wase-US kwishishini laseTshayina kunye ne-finance media firm Caixin, ukholelwa ukuba kunokubakho iingxaki zexesha elifutshane kwabanye kuluhlu, kuba i-microchip ephambili abayisebenzisileyo yayivela kwi-US IT firm Nvidia, "eya kuba nzima ukuyibuyisela".
Uthi "ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mntu uvela kwiCongress okanye kwisebe elilawulayo lase-US onike nabuphi na ubungqina obuqinileyo" kuluhlu lwabamnyama.Wongeza ngelithi abavelisi baseTshayina bakholelwa ukuba ukuthetheleleka kwamalungelo oluntu sisingxengxezo nje, "eyona njongo yokwenyani kukuthoba iifemu eziphambili zetekhnoloji zase China".
Ngelixa abavelisi bezobucupho e-China besusa izigxeko zokubandakanyeka kwabo ekutshutshiseni abantu abancinci ekhaya, ingeniso yabo yenyuka nge-13% kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ukukhula oku kubonisa ekusetyenzisweni kobugcisa obufana nokuqondwa kobuso kubangela umngeni omkhulu, nakwiidemokhrasi eziphuhlileyo.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni e-UK ngumsebenzi kaTony Porter, umkomishinala wekhamera ejongene neNgilani naseWales.
Kwinqanaba elisebenzayo unenkxalabo eninzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ngakumbi kuba eyona njongo yakhe iphambili kukuvelisa inkxaso yoluntu ngokubanzi.
Uthi: “Obu bugcisa busebenza ngokuchasene noluhlu lweewotshi, ke ukuba ukuqondwa kobuso kuchonga umntu kuluhlu lweewotshi, emva koko kwenziwa umdlalo, kukho ungenelelo.”
Ubuza ukuba ngubani ohamba kuluhlu lokubukela, kwaye ngubani olawulayo.“Ukuba ngaba licandelo labucala elisebenza ngobuchwephesha, ngabanini baloo nto – ingaba ngamapolisa okanye icandelo labucala?Mininzi kakhulu imigca emfiliba.”
UMelissa Chan ubonisa ukuba kukho ukuthetheleleka kwezi zinto zixhalabisayo, ngakumbi malunga neenkqubo ezenziwe eTshayina.ETshayina, uthi ngokusemthethweni “urhulumente namagosa banelizwi lokugqibela.Ukuba ngokwenene bafuna ukufikelela kulwazi, olo lwazi kufuneka lunikezelwe ziinkampani zabucala.”
Kucacile ukuba i-China yenze ngokwenene eli shishini enye yezinto eziphambili eziphambili, kwaye ibeke amandla ayo emva kophuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa kwayo.
ECarnegie, uSteven Feldstein ukholelwa ukuba kukho izizathu ezimbalwa zokuba kutheni i-AI kunye nokucupha kubaluleke kakhulu eBeijing.Abanye badityaniswe “nokungakhuseleki okunzulu” kubomi obude kunye nokuzinza kweQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina.
“Enye indlela yokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuqhubeka ukusinda kwezopolitiko kukujonga itekhnoloji ukwenza imigaqo-nkqubo yengcinezelo, kunye nokucinezela abantu ekuchazeni izinto ezinokucela umngeni kwilizwe laseTshayina,” utshilo.
Ukanti kwimeko ebanzi, iBeijing kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi akholelwa ukuba i-AI iya kuba sisitshixo sokuphakama komkhosi, utshilo.E-China, "utyalo-mali kwi-AI yindlela yokuqinisekisa nokugcina ubukhosi kunye namandla kwixesha elizayo" .
Ixesha lokuposa: May-07-2022